Several viruses are known to cause cancer by integrating their genetic material into host cells and disrupting normal cellular processes. Key viruses include:
1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV):
• Causes cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
• HPV types 16 and 18 are the most carcinogenic.
2. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV):
• Associated with liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).
3. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV):
• Also linked to liver cancer.
4. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
• Causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma and certain lymphomas, such as Burkitt lymphoma.
5. Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1):
• Linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
6. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV):
• Causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, like those with HIV/AIDS.
These viruses contribute to cancer development by altering cell cycle regulation, evading immune surveillance, and promoting genetic mutations.
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